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Data visualization achieves its significance today due to information technology: big data processed in computers with capable visualization software, combined with statistical techniques and color coding on electronic displays. This article is about color coding in data visualization. Figures 1a and b. Which category has the fewest stars: 32-, 24- or 16-pointed stars? Click the figure to see full-screen details. * *

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  • Color coding in data visualization (en)
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  • Data visualization achieves its significance today due to information technology: big data processed in computers with capable visualization software, combined with statistical techniques and color coding on electronic displays. This article is about color coding in data visualization. Figures 1a and b. Which category has the fewest stars: 32-, 24- or 16-pointed stars? Click the figure to see full-screen details. * * (en)
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  • Data visualization achieves its significance today due to information technology: big data processed in computers with capable visualization software, combined with statistical techniques and color coding on electronic displays. This article is about color coding in data visualization. Origins of color coding include rubrics, the Four Color Theorem of cartography and Jacques Bertin's 1967 book, (Semiology of Graphics). Contemporary color coding for data visualization is enabled by four technologies: statistics, color technology, displays and computing. Visualization of data was proceduralized by statisticians John Tukey and Edward Tufte in their respective landmark books Exploratory Data Analysis in 1977 and The Visual Display of Quantitative Information in 1982. They did not emphasize the use of color. Others demonstrated the superiority of color coding to speed visual search of displayed information, and to locate and organize information of interest. A third prerequisite for color-coded data visualization is high-resolution, high-contrast, high-luminance color electronic displays. Honeywell Corporation and Boeing Corporation assembled technical data that are still germane to use of color displays. More recently, the US Federal Aviation Administration has published technical guidance for visualization of dynamic (air traffic) data on self-luminous color displays. Humans have an innate ability to perform color-coded visual search. Without training or practice, the search time with color coding can be reduced by a factor of ten or more, compared to a search of the same information display without color coding. For example, Figure 1a illustrates prolonged search without color coding, while Figure 1b demonstrates color coding making data salient. Figures 1a and b. Which category has the fewest stars: 32-, 24- or 16-pointed stars? Click the figure to see full-screen details. * * (en)
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