About: Born–Oppenheimer approximation

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In quantum chemistry and molecular physics, the Born–Oppenheimer (BO) approximation is the best known mathematical approximation in molecular dynamics. Specifically, it is the assumption that the wave functions of atomic nuclei and electrons in a molecule can be treated separately, based on the fact that the nuclei are much heavier than the electrons. The approach is named after Max Born and J. Robert Oppenheimer who proposed it in 1927, in the early period of quantum mechanics.

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rdf:type	Thing
rdfs:label	Born–Oppenheimer approximation (en)
rdfs:comment	In quantum chemistry and molecular physics, the Born–Oppenheimer (BO) approximation is the best known mathematical approximation in molecular dynamics. Specifically, it is the assumption that the wave functions of atomic nuclei and electrons in a molecule can be treated separately, based on the fact that the nuclei are much heavier than the electrons. The approach is named after Max Born and J. Robert Oppenheimer who proposed it in 1927, in the early period of quantum mechanics. (en)
sameAs	Born–Oppenheimer approximation
dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate	dbt:Authority_control dbt:Clarify dbt:Distinguish dbt:Reflist dbt:Short_description dbt:Technical dbt:Use_dmy_dates
Subject	Approximations Quantum chemistry Max Born
Link from a Wikipage to an external page	http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k15386r http://www.tcm.phy.cam.ac.uk/%7Epdh1001/thesis/node13.html http://elib.bsu.by/bitstream/123456789/154381/1/1927-084%20AP%20Born%20%26%20Oppenheimer%20-%20On%20the%20Quantum%20Theory%20of%20Molecules.pdf
prov:wasDerivedFrom	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born–Oppenheimer_approximation?oldid=1073311134&ns=0
Wikipage page ID	68946 (xsd:integer)
page length (characters) of wiki page	29282 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
Wikipage revision ID	1073311134 (xsd:integer)
Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage	Franck–Condon principle Rotational spectroscopy Vibronic coupling Adiabatic theorem Atomic nucleus Avoided crossing Benzene Born approximation Born–Huang approximation Bra–ket notation Approximations Quantum chemistry General Leibniz rule Jahn–Teller effect Max Born Hilbert space Potential energy surface Quantum chemistry Kinetic energy Computational chemistry Computational complexity of mathematical operations Configuration space (physics) Conical intersection Eckart conditions Eigenvalues and eigenvectors Partial differential equation Spectroscopy Electric potential Electron Energy level Gradient Schrödinger equation Diabatic Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics) Hartree atomic units Hellmann–Feynman theorem Inertial frame of reference Ionization Molecular Hamiltonian Molecular dynamics Molecular orbital Molecular physics Molecular vibration Wave function Bhagavad Gita Kohn anomaly Max Born
has abstract	In quantum chemistry and molecular physics, the Born–Oppenheimer (BO) approximation is the best known mathematical approximation in molecular dynamics. Specifically, it is the assumption that the wave functions of atomic nuclei and electrons in a molecule can be treated separately, based on the fact that the nuclei are much heavier than the electrons. The approach is named after Max Born and J. Robert Oppenheimer who proposed it in 1927, in the early period of quantum mechanics. The approximation is widely used in quantum chemistry to speed up the computation of molecular wavefunctions and other properties for large molecules. There are cases where the assumption of separable motion no longer holds, which make the approximation lose validity (it is said to "break down"), but is then often used as a starting point for more refined methods. In molecular spectroscopy, using the BO approximation means considering molecular energy as a sum of independent terms, e.g.: These terms are of different orders of magnitude and the nuclear spin energy is so small that it is often omitted. The electronic energies consist of kinetic energies, interelectronic repulsions, internuclear repulsions, and electron–nuclear attractions, which are the terms typically included when computing the electronic structure of molecules. (en)
foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born–Oppenheimer_approximation
is Wikipage redirect of	Born-Oppenheimer Approximation Born-Oppenheimer approximation Born-Oppenheimer approxmation BO approximation Born-Oppenheimer Born-Oppenheimer equation Born-Oppenheimer method Born-oppenheimer equation Born Oppenheimer Born–Oppenheimer The Born-Oppenheimer Equation for Time-Dependent Molecular Systems
is Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage of	Franck–Condon principle List of things named after Max Born Ab initio quantum chemistry methods Adiabatic electron transfer Adiabatic theorem Atomic, molecular, and optical physics Avoided crossing Bo Boa Born-Oppenheimer Approximation Born-Oppenheimer approximation Born-Oppenheimer approxmation Born approximation Born–Huang approximation BO approximation Branches of physics CASTEP Car–Parrinello molecular dynamics Glossary of elementary quantum mechanics

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